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2.3.2 Grouping of the Jewish Population

This section examines the legitimate descendants of the Jewish population, or the Children of Israel.
The definitions and groupings of the Jewish population, as well as relevant historical background, should be organized based on the conclusions previously drawn for accurate explanation—though past events inevitably contain elements of presumption.
As of 2010 CE, the global Jewish population was estimated at approximately 13.4 million, including individuals who may be descendants of converts to Judaism and who may mistakenly believe they descend from Jacob (Israel).
* "JPPI World Jewish Population" http://jppi.org.il/news/71/58/World-Jewish-Population/
* "Jewish Population on Wikipedia" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_population
The largest Jewish populations in 2010 were in the United States and Israel: approximately 6,540,000 in the U.S., 5,850,000 in Israel, and around 500,000 in France.
The Jewish population is commonly categorized into three main groups: Ashkenazi Jewish population (Ashkenazim), Sephardi Jewish population (Sephardim), and Mizrahi Jewish population (Mizrahim).
Ashkenazi Jewish population are traditionally believed to have descended from medieval Jewish communities along the Rhine (Rhineland) in western present-day Germany. The term "Ashkenazi" originally means "German (person)" in Hebrew. As of 2010 CE, they numbered approximately 10 million—around 80% of the global Jewish population—despite reportedly constituting only 3% in the 11th century CE. This unusually rapid population growth has raised questions about the traditional theory that Ashkenazi Jewish population solely descend from the Rhineland.
Sephardi Jewish population are said to have descended from Jewish communities that lived on the Iberian Peninsula prior to the expulsion following the Alhambra Decree in 1492 CE. The term "Sephardi" originally means "Spanish (person)" in Hebrew. Their population is estimated at around 2,000,000 to 2,500,000 as of 2010 CE, comprising approximately 15% of the global Jewish population.
However, these terms—Ashkenazi, Sephardi, Mizrahi, and even "Jew"—can be quite ambiguous when used in academic or genealogical discussions. For example, according to traditional understanding, the Kingdom of Judah included not only the tribe of Judah but also the tribe of Benjamin.
In light of these complexities, this website proposes the following categorization, based on the previously stated conclusions.

(1) Genetic Descendants of the Kingdom of Judah
The term "Jew" is inherently ambiguous, as discussed in the debate over "Who is a Jew?" It can include individuals who converted to Judaism, rather than direct descendants of Jacob (Israel). The topic here is to identify the "Children of Israel (Jacob)," because they are frequently blessed by Yahweh in the Bible. Then the term employed here instead as needed is "Genetic Descendants of the Kingdom of Judah." In short, "Genetic Descendants of Judah."

(2) Genetic Descendants of the Kingdom of Judah through the Rhineland
Second, "Ashkenazi" commonly includes "Jews in Central-Eastern Europe (including Russia)," representatively "Jews in Poland," based on the assumption that the Jewish population in Central-Eastern Europe (including Russia) may have migrated from the Rhineland due to the pressure (persecution) by the Crusades. However, this assumption remains questionable and lacks sufficient historical support. Then the term employed here instead as needed is "Genetic Descendants of the Kingdom of Judah through the Rhineland (or Central-Eastern Europe)." In short, "Genetic Descendants through the Rhineland (or Central-Eastern Europe)." The population of Ashkenazi is said to be 10,000,000 as of 2010 CE. However, most of 10,000,000 are not well verified to be "Genetic Descendants through the Rhineland (or Central-Eastern Europe)." "Genetic Descendants through the Rhineland (or Central-Eastern Europe)" would be some 10% of them, 1,000,000. The rest of them, 9,000,000 as of 2010 CE, are "Claimed Descendants through Central-Eastern Europe" as mentioned below (the fifth category below).

(3) Genetic Descendants of the Kingdom of Judah through the Iberian Peninsula
Third, "Sephardi" ambiguously sometimes includes "Mizrahi" because of the similarity of their rituals. Then the term employed here instead of "Sephardi" as needed is "Genetic Descendants of the Kingdom of Judah through the Iberian Peninsula." In short, "Genetic Descendants through the Iberian Peninsula."

(4) Genetic Descendants of the Kingdom of Judah through the Islamic World
Fourth, "Mizrahi" originally means "eastern (person)" in Hebrew. "Mizrahi" commonly seems to refer to the Jewish population descended from the Jewish communities of Arab-ruled regions and adjacent. That is, the Middle East, North Africa, and the Caucasus, for example, Iraq, Syria, Iran, Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and India. However, the definition is yet ambiguous. Because of the ambiguity, the population couldn't be determined. Then the term employed here instead as needed is "Genetic Descendants of the Kingdom of Judah whose ancestors have never settled in Europe and ever settled around North Africa, the Middle East, Caucasus, Persia, and India." In short, "Genetic Descendants through the Islamic World."

(5) Claimed Descendants of the Kingdom of Judah through Central-Eastern Europe (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth)
Fifth, the fifth category is "the group which claims (alleges) that they are Descendants of the Kingdom of Judah whose ancestors have ever settled mostly in Central-Eastern Europe around Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth." In short, "Claimed Descendants through Eastern Europe." They have ironically featured through Pogrom and Holocaust. As mentioned above, 90% of so-called Ashkenazi Jews, 9,000,000 as of 2010 CE, are said to be this category. For example, the Jewish population in Poland just before WWII is said to be 3,000,000. It is said that 2,800,000 of the Jewish population in Russia migrated to the USA from 1880 CE through 1920 CE to avoid the pogrom. (The USA once restricted the migration since 1924 CE.) (250,000 of the Jewish population from Germany and Austria migrated to the USA just after 1933 CE.) 500,000 Jewish population moved from the USSR to Israel during 1990 - 1993 CE. On the other hand, origin of this "Claimed Descendants through Central-Eastern Europe around Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth" is uncertain. As mentioned above, the traditional theory assumes that they have migrated from the Rhineland due to the persecution by the Crusades. However, colonies in the Rhineland were too small to support the large population in Eastern Europe (around Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth). In addition, there is no historical materials to exclude the migration from the southeast to around Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This theory was notably advanced by Arthur Koestler in The Thirteenth Tribe (1976), building on the earlier work of Abraham Poliak, which suggests that these communities may descend from Khazars who converted to Judaism.
* "The Thirteenth Tribe on Wikipedia" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Thirteenth_Tribe
Shlomo Sand succeeded it in "The Invention of the Jewish People" in 2008 CE. He rather claims the Palestinian Arabs descend from the Jewish population (the Kingdom of Judah).
★ "The Invention of the Jewish People on Wikipedia" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Invention_of_the_Jewish_People

(6) Genetic Descendants of the Kingdom of Judah stayed in Canaan (Palestinians)
Sixth, the sixth category is "Genetic Descendants of the Kingdom of Judah who stayed in Canaan after the First Jewish-Roman War (66 - 73 CE) and Bar Kokhba's Revolt (132 - 135 CE)." As mentioned later, many Israeli farmers might have stayed in Canaan after the First Jewish-Roman War (66 - 73 CE) and Bar Kokhba's Revolt (132 - 135 CE). Some theories claim that they converted to Christianity and Islam, they became Palestinians and Arabs in Israel. They would be included in "(4) Genetic Descendants of the Kingdom of Judah through the Islamic World," for now.
* "Palestinians on Wikipedia" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinians

(7) Genetic Descendants of the 10 Lost Tribes of Israel
Seventh, lastly in addition, genetic descendants of the 10 Lost Tribes of Israel should be outlined, though they are not "Descendants of the Kingdom of Judah." According to the Bible, Children of Israel (Jacob) once founded the United Kingdom of Israel after the era of Judges (leaders). The first king was Saul. The second king was David (tribe of Judah). The third king was Solomon (the second son of David). However, after the death of Solomon, 12 tribes divided into 2 groups. 10 tribes consisting of Ephraim, Manasseh, and so on founded the Northern Kingdom of Israel. The capital was Samaria.
* "Kingdom of Israel on Wikipedia" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)
2 tribes consisting of Judah and Benjamin founded the Southern Kingdom of Judah. The capital was Jerusalem.
* "Kingdom of Judah on Wikipedia" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah
The Northern Kingdom of Israel was ruined by Assyria and the population of the Northern Kingdom of Israel was moved to Nineveh (Assyrian Captivity). Nineveh located on the northeast bank of the upstream region of the Tigris, the opposite bank of present-day Mosul. Nineveh and Mosul are adjacent to Arbil (Erbil), the capital of present-day Iraqi Kurdistan, which included the Kurdish Jewish population. Genetic Descendants of the Northern 10 tribes have been missing since then and called the 10 Lost Tribes of Israel. The Kurdish Jewish population is said to have originated in arrival of the Israelites through Assyrian conquest of the Northern Kingdom of Israel. So they could be in a sense part of genetic descendants of the 10 Lost Tribes of Israel. (While often referred to as Kurdish "Jews," it is important to note that members of the Northern Kingdom of Israel were not originally "Jews" in the traditional sense, as that term historically applies to those from the Kingdom of Judah.)
* "Assyrian Captivity on Wikipedia" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyrian_captivity_of_Israel
* "Ten Lost Tribes of Israel on Wikipedia" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten_Lost_Tribes
* "Nineveh on Wikipedia" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineveh
* "Iraqi Kurdistan on Wikipedia" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan
* "Kurdish Jews on Wikipedia" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish_Jews






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